[python/ci] Check typeguard CI

[johnkerl]

Issue and/or context: #3244 is seeing some typeguard-related failures, right about the time of the release https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/releases/tag/4.4.0. This PR aims to separate issues.

Changes:

Notes for Reviewer:

[johnkerl]

CI run from commit 1 failed: https://github.com/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/actions/runs/11542968229/job/32126790602?pr=3245

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 83.88%. Comparing base (a1f255c) to head (c75c4e1).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #3245   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   83.88%   83.88%           
=======================================
  Files          51       51           
  Lines        5512     5512           
=======================================
  Hits         4624     4624           
  Misses        888      888           

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	83.88% <ø> (ø)

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Components	Coverage Δ
python_api	83.88% <ø> (ø)
libtiledbsoma	∅ <ø> (∅)

[johnkerl]

Resolved by #3245