[python] Bindings for upgrade_domain

[johnkerl]

Issue and/or context: As tracked on issue #2407 / [sc-51048].

Note that the intended Python and R API changes are all agreed on and finalized as described in #2407.

Changes:

Connects #3220 to the Python user-facing layers.

Notes for Reviewer:

I was going to do Python+R on a single PR but the line count is ~400 which is enough (IMO) so I'll make a separate for R -- cc @mojaveazure

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 78.26087% with 10 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 83.84%. Comparing base (3e20d3c) to head (b28d022).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3235      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   83.88%   83.84%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files          51       51              
  Lines        5512     5557      +45     
==========================================
+ Hits         4624     4659      +35     
- Misses        888      898      +10     

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	83.84% <78.26%> (-0.05%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
python_api	83.84% <78.26%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
libtiledbsoma	∅ <ø> (∅)

[johnkerl]

@nguyenv ready for next round!

[johnkerl]

Thanks @nguyenv !