mint - is small, fast and easy to use (x)html templates engine. Implemented with python language.
Why use mint?:
- single python module
- You can copy
mint.pyto your project package and use it. - minimalistic syntax
- Your templates will become smaller and more readable due to indent based syntax.
- works fast
- mint uses
astpython module from standard library (since python2.6, thank you Armin and co). So all templates compiles to optimized python byte code (during first call) which works fast. - smart
- mint knows about (x)html tags and attributes, so you get smart escaping. (There is a plan to implement html validation during rendering)
- not standing in your way
- mint does't hide exceptions like some other template engines, and shows line in your template file where exception was raised
Template engine was inspired by haml (a template engine written in ruby), but some concepts were redisigned for simplification and adoptation to python world.
Home page: https://github.com/riffm/mint Issue tracker: https://github.com/riffm/mint/issues
Simple API:
>>> import mint
>>> loader = mint.Loader('./templates', cache=True)
>>> namespace = dict(a='a', b='b')
>>> result = loader.get_template('index.mint').render(**namespace)
mint.Loader accepts names of directories and then search for template files
by name provided in get_template(name) call.
mint syntax is based on indention, so you see the document structure and update document fast. You can move blocks of code and do not search for begining of parent tag and where it ends.
Just use @ character before tag name to render a tag:
@tagname
Why mint does't use % char, like haml do?
I think that @ char is more readable and it is just third button on the keyboard,
so you type it by one hand (without finger gymnastics).
Next example shows tags structure:
@html
@head
@body
Indented tags @head and @body are children for tag @html (parent tag).
Text is interpreted as text:
@div
@p
Text of paragraph
So last example will be rendered as:
<div>
<p>
Text of paragraph
</p>
</div>
By the way you can use short variant:
@div
@p Text of paragraph
To define attribute mint uses concept similar to method calls:
@div.id(content)
Previouse example will be rendered as:
<div id="content"></div>
To define multiple attributes mint uses (so called) chaining:
@img.alt().src(/img/my_picture.png)
Previouse example will be rendered as:
<img alt="" src="/img/my_picture.png" />
Note that mint knows about selfclosed html tags.
Why do not use python dictionary declaration syntax instead?
Something like {alt:"", src:"/img/my_picture.png"}
Because it is overloaded for html templating. "Chained-methods-call" like syntax uses less chars to type.
mint alows to set/append value of tag attribute somewhere inside tag:
@div.class(main)
// set value of attribute
@.class(header)
@div.class(main)
// append value to attribute
@+class( header)
will be rendered as:
<div class="header"></div> <div class="main header"></div>
This is very handy when you need to set content of tag and it's attributes based on some condition.
As you know there are some chars we need to escape in xml. And mint does this automatically for you. It escapes all text inside tags and attributes. Autoescaping can't be turned off:
@a.href(/docs?type=1&published=true) docs
@p.class( ' " < > & )
<div class="inside" />
Will be rendered as:
<a href="/docs?type=1&published=true">docs</a>
<p class="' " < > &">
<div class="inside" />
</p>
Of course, template engine without possibility to insert python expressions is unusable.
So in mint you can do this with syntax similar to jinja2 or django:
@html
@head
@title {{ doc.title }}
@body
@div.id(content)
Here we have content {{ doc.content }}
Under the hood mint calls unicode on python expression
and escapes result.
Note that you can provide any valid python expression between tokens {{ }}.
Also note that you can use limited subset of python __builtins__.
In mint templates expressions can be used inside text elements and inside attributes:
@p.class(title {{ doc.main_doc_class }}).id({{ doc.id }}) {{ doc.body }}
As you remember all content inserted in tags (as text) and in attributes is
escaped by mint. And this is good, but sometimes you need to insert
unescaped html. For this purpose mint uses special class mint.Markup, which
implements __html__ method (this is something like convention). To insert
html inside templates you need to mark your python variables with
mint.Markup inside your python code.
In previous example if doc.body has html we need attribute body to return
mint.Markup(html_string). And that html_string will be inserted in template
without escaping. That is the preferred way to insert markup inside html template.
Also note that there are two contexts to insert markup - tag and attribute.
In case of tag mint.Markup instances will be inserted without modifications.
But if you attemted to insert markup in attribute it will be additionaly escaped.
For example we have such python code:
class Doc(object):
def __init__(self, title, body):
self.title = mint.Markup(title)
self.body = mint.Markup(body)
doc = Doc('<b>title</b>', '<p>content of document</p>')
And such template:
@div.class(doc)
@p.class(title).title({{ doc.title }}) {{ doc.title }}
{{ doc.body }}
The result will be:
<div class="doc">
<p class="title" title=">b<title>/b<">
<b>title</b>
</p>
<p>content of document</p>
</div>
This feature of mint is very handy.
In mint you can use python statement for:
@ul
#for img in images:
@li @img.src({{ img.file }})
Note that:
@li @img.src({{ img.file }})
is similar to:
@li
@img.src({{ img.file }})
This is inline tags notation.
Conditions are easy to write too:
#for doc in docs:
#if doc.id != current_id:
@a.href({{ url_for('doc', id=doc.id) }}) {{ doc.title }}
#elif doc.title == 'I need paragraph':
@p {{ doc.title }}
#else:
{{ doc.title }}
To comment a line use token //:
// In this div we provide content, yours C.O. @div.id(content)
Xml comments are supported, use token --:
-- In this div we provide content, yours C.O. @div.id(content)
to get:
<!-- In this div we provide content, yours C.O. --> <div id="content"></div>
Sometimes you need to use special tokens in text, so if a line starts with
token \ line is not interpreted by mint:
@p.class(title) Here we have title \@p.class(title) Here we have title
Will provide:
<p class="title">Here we have title</p> @p.class(title) Here we have title
Simplification of syntax provides ambiguity. But it is very handy sometimes. In mint templates you can write such things:
@ul
#for image in images:
@li.class(image) @img.alt().src({{ image.path }})
This simplification alows to write nested tags in one line, one by one. In
previous example all img tags will be inside li.
Remember rule #1: This records:
@div.id(1) @div.id(2) @div.id(3)
@div.id(1)
@div.id(2) @div.id(3)
@div.id(1)
@div.id(2)
@div.id(3)
are the same.
Rule #2: you can append text to and only to last tag when you use syntax simplification:
@ul
#for doc in docs:
@li @p.class(title) {{ doc.title }}
@p.class(descr) {{ doc.description }}
li will be rendered as:
<li>
<p class="title">...</p>
<p class="descr">...</p>
</li>
Be careful when using syntax simplification.
mint uses slots to implement template inheritance. Slot is nothing more but python function that retuns markup. Slot can be defined and called anywhere in template:
// layout.mint
@html
@head
@title {{ title }}
@body
@div.id(content)
#def content():
@p.class(title) {{ title }}
{{ text }}
#content()
@div.id(footer)
As you can see in previous example we define slot content and call it after that.
During call of slot it's content will be inserted in template. And if we need to insert
different content in that place we should inherit layout.mint and override content
slot implementation:
// news.mint
#base: layout.mint
#def content():
#for item in news:
@a.href({{ url_for('news-item', id=item.id) }}) {{ news.title }}
It is simple and powerful concept.
Slots are python functions, so they see all global variables passed to template and have own scope. This is very handy, because sometimes people have problems with such things in other templates engines.
For example we need a block inside for loop:
// layout.mint
@div.id(content)
#for item in items:
#loop_slot()
// photos.mint
#base: layout.mint
#def loop_slot():
@p.class(title) {{ item.title }}
@img.alt().src({{ item.image.path }})
For mint this is natural behavior. And item is just global variable for
slot loop_slot. But in this case it's better to provide item to slot
explicitly:
// layout.mint
@div.id(content)
#for item in items:
#loop_slot(item)
// photos.mint
#base: layout.mint
#def loop_slot(item):
@p.class(title) {{ item.title }}
@img.alt().src({{ item.image.path }})
Also we can call base slot inside overrided slot. In our case base slot will
point to slot with same name in our base template. __base__ variable points
inside current slot scope to implementation of current slot in parent template:
// base.mint
-- somewhere in head tag
#def js():
@script.type(text/javascript).src(/js/main.js)
#js()
// photos.mint
#base: base.mint
#def js():
#__base__()
@script.type(text/javascript).src(/js/photos.js)
This example will results in:
<!-- somewhere in head tag --> <script type="text/javascript" scr="/js/main.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" scr="/js/photos.js"></script>
Slots are plain python functions, slots returns Markup objects so we can pass slots
or result of slot call to other slots.
And more. We can use slots outside of templates. Lets take photos.mint from
example with for loop:
>>> import mint
>>> t = mint.Loader('.').get_template('photos.mint')
>>> loop_slot = t.slot('loop_slot')
>>> # lets take image somewhere
>>> item = images.get(1)
>>> loop_slot(item)
Markup(u'<p class="title">...</p><img alt="" src="..." />')
But sometimes slots needs global variables, you must provide such variables
with kwargs in method slot(name, **globals) of Template object.
mint provides global variable utils which contains useful constants and helper
functions.
Doctype declarations
utils.doctype.html_strictutils.doctype.html_transitionalutils.doctype.xhtml_strictutils.doctype.xhtml_transitional
Example of usage:
{{ utils.doctype.html_strict }}
@html
Class mint.Markup is utils.markup (this is replacement for hack {{ var|safe }})
utils.loop is helper function to use with for statement. It takes iterable
object and returns tuple of item and special object that consist of useful info for each
iteration:
#for item, l in utils.loop(items):
@a.href({{ item.url }})
{{ item.title }} {{ (l.first, l.last, l.odd) }} {{ l.cycle('one', 'two', 'three') }}
In previous example l.cycle('one', 'two', 'three') will return one of values provided
in sequence. It is handy to colorize tables.
Html helpers
utils.scriptutils.scriptsutils.link
mint has a CLI. To list available options use --help flag:
% python -m mint --help
Usage: mint.py [options] [template]
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c, --code Show only python code of compiled template.
-t, --tokenize Show tokens stream of template.
-r N, --repeat=N Try to render template N times and display average time
result.
-p, --pprint Turn pretty print on.
-m, --monitor Monitor current directory and subdirectories for changes
in mint files. And render corresponding html files.
CLI works in two modes:
- rendering
- monitoring
That's all folks!