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Swift原生类底层ClassMetadata

前言

ClassMetadata在底层源码代码有点多,所以会挑一些注意点,或者理解起来难度的地方写。一些比较基础的就跳过了,因为全写有点多。我前面写过一篇StructMetadata,会简单点,还有些相同的内容。

同样,ClassMetadata我也翻译成Swift代码实现了一遍,附上GitHub链接地址,参照着翻译看源码会简单一点。

本文必须结合着Swift源码一起看,脱离源码看文章并没有任何意义。本文的旨意在于加速对源码的理解。

ClassMetadata

进入主题,直接在源码里搜ClassMetadata,我们可以找到这么一句代码:

using ClassMetadata = TargetClassMetadata<InProcess>;

然后我们点开TargetClassMetadata后,可以发现,所有的属性都在TargetClassMetadata和他的父类TargetAnyClassMetadata中,以及在根类中Kind,这里我就合并到一起写出来

// TargetMetadata中的
StoredPointer Kind;

// TargetAnyClassMetadata中的
ConstTargetMetadataPointer<Runtime, swift::TargetClassMetadata> Superclass;
TargetPointer<Runtime, void> CacheData[2];
StoredSize Data;

// TargetClassMetadata中的
ClassFlags Flags;
uint32_t InstanceAddressPoint;
uint32_t InstanceSize;
uint16_t InstanceAlignMask;
uint16_t Reserved;
uint32_t ClassSize;
uint32_t ClassAddressPoint;
TargetSignedPointer<Runtime, const TargetClassDescriptor<Runtime> * __ptrauth_swift_type_descriptor> Description;
TargetSignedPointer<Runtime, ClassIVarDestroyer * __ptrauth_swift_heap_object_destructor> IVarDestroyer;

其中比较注意的一点就是CacheData[2],这里是一个指针数组,总共占16个字节。

不知道有没有很熟悉的感觉?和OC中的类结构很像吧。所以Swift中的类兼容OC中的类的

翻译成Swift代码:

// Swift中的class的metadata兼容OC的类
struct ClassMetadata {
    // 在oc中放的就是isa,在swift中kind大于0x7FF表示的就是类
    var Kind: InProcess
    // 父类的Metadata,如果是null说明是最顶级的类了
    var Superclass: UnsafeMutablePointer<ClassMetadata>
    // 缓存数据用于某些动态查找,它由运行时拥有,通常需要与Objective-C的使用进行互操作。(说到底就是OC的东西)
    var CacheData1: UnsafeMutablePointer<UnsafeRawPointer>
    var CacheData2: UnsafeMutablePointer<UnsafeRawPointer>
    // 除了编译器设置低位以表明这是Swift元类型外,这个data里存的指针,用于行外元数据,通常是不透明的(应该也是OC的)
    var Data: InProcess  
    // Swift-specific class flags.
    var Flags: ClassFlags
    // The address point of instances of this type.
    var InstanceAddressPoint: UInt32
    // The required size of instances of this type.(实例对象在堆内存的大小)
    var InstanceSize: UInt32
    // The alignment mask of the address point of instances of this type. (根据这个mask来获取内存中的对齐大小)
    var InstanceAlignMask: UInt16
    // Reserved for runtime use.(预留给运行时使用)
    var Reserved: UInt16
    // The total size of the class object, including prefix and suffix extents.
    var ClassSize: UInt32
    // The offset of the address point within the class object.
    var ClassAddressPoint: UInt32
    // 一个对类型的超行的swift特定描述,如果这是一个人工子类,则为null。目前不提供动态创建非人工子类的机制。
    var Description: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetClassDescriptor>
    // 销毁实例变量的函数,用于在构造函数早期返回后进行清理。如果为null,则不会执行清理操作,并且所有的ivars都必须是简单的。
    var IVarDestroyer: UnsafeMutablePointer<ClassIVarDestroyer>
}
    

TargetClassDescriptor

TargetClassMetadata中就TargetClassDescriptorClassIVarDestroyer不知道是什么。

ClassIVarDestroyer点开发现是一个HeapObject的别名,并没有多余让我探索的地方。。。

还是重点看TargetClassDescriptor吧,Class的好多信息都是通过ClassIVarDestroyer来查找的。

先看下ClassIVarDestroyer的定义:

class TargetClassDescriptor final
    : public TargetTypeContextDescriptor<Runtime>,
      public TrailingGenericContextObjects<TargetClassDescriptor<Runtime>,
                              TargetTypeGenericContextDescriptorHeader,
                              /*additional trailing objects:*/
                              TargetResilientSuperclass<Runtime>,
                              TargetForeignMetadataInitialization<Runtime>,
                              TargetSingletonMetadataInitialization<Runtime>,
                              TargetVTableDescriptorHeader<Runtime>,
                              TargetMethodDescriptor<Runtime>,
                              TargetOverrideTableHeader<Runtime>,
                              TargetMethodOverrideDescriptor<Runtime>,
                              TargetObjCResilientClassStubInfo<Runtime>>

我们可以看到TargetClassDescriptor继承了TargetTypeContextDescriptor了,这块和StructMetadata文章中TargetStructDescriptor的父类一样,这边就不再多说了,看下TargetClassDescriptor独有的属性:

TargetRelativeDirectPointer<Runtime, const char> SuperclassType;
union {
    uint32_t MetadataNegativeSizeInWords;
    TargetRelativeDirectPointer<Runtime,
                                TargetStoredClassMetadataBounds<Runtime>>
      ResilientMetadataBounds;
  };
  
  union {
    uint32_t MetadataPositiveSizeInWords;
    ExtraClassDescriptorFlags ExtraClassFlags;
  };

  uint32_t NumImmediateMembers;
  uint32_t NumFields;
  uint32_t FieldOffsetVectorOffset;

TargetRelativeDirectPointer这个在StructMetadata文章中也讲过。

这里比较有意思的是unionunion公用同一块内存空间,所以翻译成swift代码的时候,不能都直接翻译成存储属性,可以把其中一个翻译成计算属性。

看下swift的翻译:

struct TargetClassDescriptor {
    // 存储在任何上下文描述符的第一个公共标记
    var Flags: ContextDescriptorFlags

    // 复用的RelativeDirectPointer这个类型,其实并不是,但看下来原理一样
    // 父级上下文,如果是顶级上下文则为null。
    var Parent: RelativeDirectPointer<InProcess>

    // 获取类的名称
    var Name: RelativeDirectPointer<CChar>

    // 这里的函数类型是一个替身,需要调用getAccessFunction()拿到真正的函数指针(这里没有封装),会得到一个MetadataAccessFunction元数据访问函数的指针的包装器类,该函数提供operator()重载以使用正确的调用约定来调用它(可变长参数),意外发现命名重整会调用这边的方法(目前不太了解这块内容)。
    var AccessFunctionPtr: RelativeDirectPointer<UnsafeRawPointer>

    // 一个指向类型的字段描述符的指针(如果有的话)。类型字段的描述,可以从里面获取结构体的属性。
    var Fields: RelativeDirectPointer<FieldDescriptor>
    
    // The type of the superclass, expressed as a mangled type name that can refer to the generic arguments of the subclass type.
    var SuperclassType: RelativeDirectPointer<CChar>
    
    // 下面两个属性在源码中是union类型,所以取size大的类型作为属性(这里貌似一样),具体还得判断是否have a resilient superclass
    
    // 有resilient superclass,用ResilientMetadataBounds,表示对保存元数据扩展的缓存的引用
    var ResilientMetadataBounds: RelativeDirectPointer<TargetStoredClassMetadataBounds>
    // 没有resilient superclass使用MetadataNegativeSizeInWords,表示该类元数据对象的负大小(用字节表示)
    var MetadataNegativeSizeInWords: UInt32 {
        get {
            return UInt32(ResilientMetadataBounds.offset)
        }
    }

    // 有resilient superclass,用ExtraClassFlags,表示一个Objective-C弹性类存根的存在
    var ExtraClassFlags: ExtraClassDescriptorFlags
    // 没有resilient superclass使用MetadataPositiveSizeInWords,表示该类元数据对象的正大小(用字节表示)
    var MetadataPositiveSizeInWords: UInt32 {
        get {
            return ExtraClassFlags.Bits
        }
    }
    
    /**
     此类添加到类元数据的其他成员的数目。默认情况下,这些数据对运行时是不透明的,而不是在其他成员中公开;它实际上只是NumImmediateMembers * sizeof(void*)字节的数据。
     这些字节是添加在地址点之前还是之后,取决于areImmediateMembersNegative()方法。
     */
    var NumImmediateMembers: UInt32
    
    
    // 属性个数,不包含父类的
    var NumFields: Int32
    // 存储这个结构的字段偏移向量的偏移量(记录你属性起始位置的开始的一个相对于metadata的偏移量,具体看metadata的getFieldOffsets方法),如果为0,说明你没有属性
    // 如果这个类含有一个弹性的父类,那么从他的弹性父类的metaData开始偏移
    var FieldOffsetVectorOffset: Int32

}

还有写比如ExtraClassDescriptorFlags之类的这种就不写了,看着源码和翻译,对应着很好理解。

FlagSet

在你翻看源码的时候,经常看到有Flag类继承FlagSet,就比如说刚才上面被我忽略的ExtraClassDescriptorFlags

看下FlagSet的源码:

template <typename IntType>
class FlagSet {
 
  IntType Bits;

protected:
  template <unsigned BitWidth>
  static constexpr IntType lowMaskFor() {
    return IntType((1 << BitWidth) - 1);
  }

  template <unsigned FirstBit, unsigned BitWidth = 1>
  static constexpr IntType maskFor() {
    return lowMaskFor<BitWidth>() << FirstBit;
  }

  /// Read a single-bit flag.
  template <unsigned Bit>
  bool getFlag() const {
    return Bits & maskFor<Bit>();
  }

  /// Read a multi-bit field.
  template <unsigned FirstBit, unsigned BitWidth, typename FieldType = IntType>
  FieldType getField() const {
    return FieldType((Bits >> FirstBit) & lowMaskFor<BitWidth>());
  }

  // A convenient macro for defining a getter and setter for a flag.
  // Intended to be used in the body of a subclass of FlagSet.
#define FLAGSET_DEFINE_FLAG_ACCESSORS(BIT, GETTER, SETTER) \
  bool GETTER() const {                                    \
    return this->template getFlag<BIT>();                  \
  }                                                        \
  void SETTER(bool value) {                                \
    this->template setFlag<BIT>(value);                    \
  }

  // A convenient macro for defining a getter and setter for a field.
  // Intended to be used in the body of a subclass of FlagSet.
#define FLAGSET_DEFINE_FIELD_ACCESSORS(BIT, WIDTH, TYPE, GETTER, SETTER) \
  TYPE GETTER() const {                                                  \
    return this->template getField<BIT, WIDTH, TYPE>();                  \
  }                                                                      \
  void SETTER(TYPE value) {                                              \
    this->template setField<BIT, WIDTH, TYPE>(value);                    \
  }

};

我只复制了一些我们需要的方法

首先看下属性,只有一个IntType BitsIntType相当于范型,需要外部传进来指定,不过需要是整型。

方法有4个,其中lowMaskFormaskFor是为了getFlaggetField服务的。细心的你可能还会发现缺少几个参数,例如BITWIDTHTYPE等,这些也是外部决定的,会传进来。

最后的两个是方法生成的便利宏,我们可以看ExtraClassDescriptorFlags的例子:

class ExtraClassDescriptorFlags : public FlagSet<uint32_t> {
  enum {
    HasObjCResilientClassStub = 0,
  };

public:
  explicit ExtraClassDescriptorFlags(uint32_t bits) : FlagSet(bits) {}
  constexpr ExtraClassDescriptorFlags() {}

  FLAGSET_DEFINE_FLAG_ACCESSORS(HasObjCResilientClassStub,
                                hasObjCResilientClassStub,
                                setObjCResilientClassStub)
};

我们很明显看到FLAGSET_DEFINE_FLAG_ACCESSORS生成了判断Flag和设置Flag便利方法。

因为有很多Flag类继承FlagSet类,所以我在翻译成swift代码的时候,把它抽出来变成一个协议:

protocol FlagSet {
    associatedtype IntType : FixedWidthInteger
    var Bits: IntType { get set }
    
    func lowMaskFor(_ BitWidth: Int) -> IntType
    
    func maskFor(_ FirstBit: Int) -> IntType
    
    func getFlag(_ Bit: Int) -> Bool
    
    func getField(_ FirstBit: Int, _ BitWidth: Int) -> IntType
}

extension FlagSet {
    func lowMaskFor(_ BitWidth: Int) -> IntType {
        return IntType((1 << BitWidth) - 1)
    }
    
    func maskFor(_ FirstBit: Int) -> IntType {
        return lowMaskFor(1) << FirstBit
    }
    
    func getFlag(_ Bit: Int) -> Bool {
        return ((Bits & maskFor(Bit)) != 0)
    }
    
    func getField(_ FirstBit: Int, _ BitWidth: Int) -> IntType {
        return IntType((Bits >> FirstBit) & lowMaskFor(BitWidth));
    }
}

struct ExtraClassDescriptorFlags: FlagSet {
    
    enum kType: Int {
        case HasObjCResilientClassStub = 0
    }
    
    typealias IntType = UInt32
    var Bits: IntType
    
}

ExtraClassDescriptorFlags继承了协议,这样就能很快的判断是否存在该Flag了。

TrailingGenericContextObjects

这块个人认为有点难,我也是通过断点运行进行理解的。

我们回到TargetClassDescriptor的定义,除了前面我们分析的继承了TargetTypeContextDescriptor之外,还继承了TrailingGenericContextObjects,在TrailingGenericContextObjects类中传入了10个模版类。

我们看一下TrailingGenericContextObjects的定义:

template<class Runtime,
         template <typename> class TargetSelf,
         template <typename> class TargetGenericContextHeaderType,
         typename... FollowingTrailingObjects>
class TrailingGenericContextObjects<TargetSelf<Runtime>,
                                    TargetGenericContextHeaderType,
                                    FollowingTrailingObjects...> :
  protected swift::ABI::TrailingObjects<TargetSelf<Runtime>,
      TargetGenericContextHeaderType<Runtime>,
      GenericParamDescriptor,
      TargetGenericRequirementDescriptor<Runtime>,
      FollowingTrailingObjects...>

我们看到,除了TargetSelfTargetGenericContextHeaderType是固定的模版外,FollowingTrailingObjects是一个可变长的模版,我们可以通过TargetClassDescriptor传进来的模版一一对应。

TrailingGenericContextObjects继承的TrailingObjects,我们把传入的所有模版放入TrailingObjects中,就能得到真正的TrailingObjects对象了。

整理下所有的TrailingObject顺序:

  • TargetClassDescriptor
  • TargetTypeGenericContextDescriptorHeader
  • GenericParamDescriptor
  • TargetGenericRequirementDescriptor
  • TargetResilientSuperclass
  • TargetForeignMetadataInitialization
  • TargetSingletonMetadataInitialization
  • TargetVTableDescriptorHeader
  • TargetMethodDescriptor
  • TargetOverrideTableHeader
  • TargetMethodOverrideDescriptor
  • TargetObjCResilientClassStubInfo

从断点调试理解下来就是,这些所有的类对象都是紧挨在一起的(可能会做内存对齐处理)。当然这些对象的个数是不固定的,有些是0,说明没有,有些是1,也有些是几个,需要某处内存处获取个数。

所以你要获取其中一个类对象的内存地址,你必须判断该类对象是否存在,并且需要知道前一项类对象的内存地址。

获取TrailingObject的方法实现:

static NextTy *
  getTrailingObjectsImpl(BaseTy *Obj,
                         TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<NextTy>) {
    auto *Ptr = TopTrailingObj::getTrailingObjectsImpl(
                    Obj, TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<PrevTy>()) +
                TopTrailingObj::callNumTrailingObjects(
                    Obj, TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<PrevTy>());

    if (requiresRealignment())
      return reinterpret_cast<NextTy *>(
          llvm::alignAddr(Ptr, llvm::Align(alignof(NextTy))));
    else
      return reinterpret_cast<NextTy *>(Ptr);
  }

这个看着复杂,就两个核心方法:getTrailingObjectsImplcallNumTrailingObjects

getTrailingObjectsImpl这个递归调用了,获取上一个对象的地址,然后callNumTrailingObjects获取该对象的个数。用上一个对象的地址,在加上该对象步长的个数,就能获取你想获取对象的起始位置了。

我们看下TrailingObjects核心实现:

// These two methods are the base of the recursion for this method.
  static const BaseTy *
  getTrailingObjectsImpl(const BaseTy *Obj,
                         TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<BaseTy>) {
    return Obj;
  }

  static BaseTy *
  getTrailingObjectsImpl(BaseTy *Obj,
                         TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<BaseTy>) {
    return Obj;
  }

  // callNumTrailingObjects simply calls numTrailingObjects on the
  // provided Obj -- except when the type being queried is BaseTy
  // itself. There is always only one of the base object, so that case
  // is handled here. (An additional benefit of indirecting through
  // this function is that consumers only say "friend
  // TrailingObjects", and thus, only this class itself can call the
  // numTrailingObjects function.)
  static size_t
  callNumTrailingObjects(const BaseTy *Obj,
                         TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<BaseTy>) {
    return 1;
  }

  template <typename T>
  static size_t callNumTrailingObjects(const BaseTy *Obj,
                                       TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<T>) {
    return Obj->numTrailingObjects(TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<T>());
  }

我们可以很明显看到,如果获取的是对象本身,getTrailingObjectsImpl直接返回参数自己Obj,结束了递归调用,callNumTrailingObjects个数也返回1。

如果对象不是本身的话,那么getTrailingObjectsImpl在递归调用,callNumTrailingObjects返回是的Obj->numTrailingObjects(TrailingObjectsBase::OverloadToken<T>())

numTrailingObjects在前面的TargetClassDescriptorTrailingGenericContextObjects类有实现,我复制到一起:

size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<GenericContextHeaderType>) const {
    return asSelf()->isGeneric() ? 1 : 0;
  }
  
  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<GenericParamDescriptor>) const {
    return asSelf()->isGeneric() ? getGenericContextHeader().NumParams : 0;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<GenericRequirementDescriptor>) const {
    return asSelf()->isGeneric() ? getGenericContextHeader().NumRequirements : 0;
  }
  
  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<ResilientSuperclass>) const {
    return this->hasResilientSuperclass() ? 1 : 0;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<ForeignMetadataInitialization>) const{
    return this->hasForeignMetadataInitialization() ? 1 : 0;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<SingletonMetadataInitialization>) const{
    return this->hasSingletonMetadataInitialization() ? 1 : 0;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<VTableDescriptorHeader>) const {
    return hasVTable() ? 1 : 0;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<MethodDescriptor>) const {
    if (!hasVTable())
      return 0;

    return getVTableDescriptor()->VTableSize;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<OverrideTableHeader>) const {
    return hasOverrideTable() ? 1 : 0;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<MethodOverrideDescriptor>) const {
    if (!hasOverrideTable())
      return 0;

    return getOverrideTable()->NumEntries;
  }

  size_t numTrailingObjects(OverloadToken<ObjCResilientClassStubInfo>) const {
    return hasObjCResilientClassStub() ? 1 : 0;
  }
  

所以如何获得对应的类对象很清楚了,看我翻译的Swift代码:

extension TargetClassDescriptor {
    
    mutating func getTargetTypeGenericContextDescriptorHeaderPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetTypeGenericContextDescriptorHeader>, count: Int) {
        let pointer = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &self) {
            return UnsafeMutableRawPointer($0.advanced(by: 1)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetTypeGenericContextDescriptorHeader.self)
        }
        let count = Flags.isGeneric() ?  1 : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getGenericParamDescriptorPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<GenericParamDescriptor>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetTypeGenericContextDescriptorHeaderPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: GenericParamDescriptor.self)
        let count = Flags.isGeneric() ?  Int(lastPointer.pointee.Base.NumParams) : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetGenericRequirementDescriptorPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetGenericRequirementDescriptor>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getGenericParamDescriptorPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetGenericRequirementDescriptor.self)
        let GenericContextDescriptorHeaderPointer = getTargetTypeGenericContextDescriptorHeaderPointer().resultPtr
        let count = Flags.isGeneric() ?  Int(GenericContextDescriptorHeaderPointer.pointee.Base.NumRequirements) : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetResilientSuperclassPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetResilientSuperclass>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetGenericRequirementDescriptorPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetResilientSuperclass.self)
        let count = hasResilientSuperclass() ? 1 : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetForeignMetadataInitializationPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetForeignMetadataInitialization>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetResilientSuperclassPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetForeignMetadataInitialization.self)
        let count = hasForeignMetadataInitialization() ? 1 : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetSingletonMetadataInitializationPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetSingletonMetadataInitialization>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetForeignMetadataInitializationPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetSingletonMetadataInitialization.self)
        let count = hasSingletonMetadataInitialization() ? 1 : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetVTableDescriptorHeaderPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetVTableDescriptorHeader>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetSingletonMetadataInitializationPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetVTableDescriptorHeader.self)
        let count = hasVTable() ? 1 : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetMethodDescriptorPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetMethodDescriptor>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetVTableDescriptorHeaderPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetMethodDescriptor.self)
        let count = hasVTable() ? Int(lastPointer.pointee.VTableSize) : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetOverrideTableHeaderPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetOverrideTableHeader>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetMethodDescriptorPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetOverrideTableHeader.self)
        let count = hasOverrideTable() ? 1 : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetMethodOverrideDescriptorPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetMethodOverrideDescriptor>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetOverrideTableHeaderPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetMethodOverrideDescriptor.self)
        let count = hasOverrideTable() ? Int(lastPointer.pointee.NumEntries) : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
    
    mutating func getTargetObjCResilientClassStubInfoPointer() -> (resultPtr: UnsafeMutablePointer<TargetObjCResilientClassStubInfo>, count: Int) {
        let (lastPointer, lastCount) = getTargetMethodOverrideDescriptorPointer()
        let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(lastPointer.advanced(by: lastCount)).assumingMemoryBound(to: TargetObjCResilientClassStubInfo.self)
        let count = hasObjCResilientClassStub() ? 1 : 0
        return (pointer, count)
    }
}

其实代码比较雷同,可能可以抽取出来有更好的封装,源码里有内存对齐的操作alignAddr,我比较懒,没遇上错误就没做,哈哈。

这里看有没有错的方法是:看TargetMethodDescriptor类里的Impl属性地址是否正确,可以用反汇编命令dis -s 0x0000000100013ba0查看,例如:

尝试Swift类的方法替换

通过上面的方法,我们可以拿到函数实现的地址,有没有想过替换他们呢?

我尝试了下,发现不行哈

一个地址的坏的访问,我用插件查了下这个地址:

发现0x10001fd58__TEXT段,说明这块内容在运行时是只读的,一旦修改了,就会像我一样报错了。

总结

如果不想看源码也不要紧,ClassMetadata的结构在我翻译的Swift代码中已经全部体现出来了。

通过方法替换的失败,我们也能感觉出Swift的安全性,也能体验出Swift是一门静态语言。但这并不意味着Swift的编译出来的程序就不可修改了,我们可以直接通过查找Macho文件的符号表,修改Macho文件中函数的实现地址,重新签名,被修改过的文件Macho就又能在手机上跑了。只能说,用Swift编译出来的代码,逆向难度又更高了。

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