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joineRML

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joineRML is an extension of the joineR package for fitting joint models of time-to-event data and multivariate longitudinal data. The model fitted in joineRML is an extension of the Wulfsohn and Tsiatis (1997) and Henderson et al. (2000) models, which is comprised of (K+1)-sub-models: a Cox proportional hazards regression model (Cox, 1972) and a K-variate linear mixed-effects model - a direct extension of the Laird and Ware (1982) regression model. The model is fitted using a Monte Carlo Expectation-Maximization (MCEM) algorithm, which closely follows the methodology presented by Lin et al. (2002).

Why use joineRML?

As noted in Hickey et al. (2016), there is a lack of statistical software available for fitting joint models to multivariate longitudinal data. This is contrary to a growing methodology in the statistical literature. joineRML is intended to fill this void.

Example

The main workhorse function is mjoint. As a simple example, we use the heart.valve dataset from the package and fit a bivariate joint model.

library(joineRML)
data(heart.valve)
hvd <- heart.valve[!is.na(heart.valve$log.grad) & !is.na(heart.valve$log.lvmi), ]

set.seed(12345)
fit <- mjoint(
    formLongFixed = list("grad" = log.grad ~ time + sex + hs,
                         "lvmi" = log.lvmi ~ time + sex),
    formLongRandom = list("grad" = ~ 1 | num,
                          "lvmi" = ~ time | num),
    formSurv = Surv(fuyrs, status) ~ age,
    data = list(hvd, hvd),
    timeVar = "time")

The fitted model is assigned to fit. We can apply a number of functions to this object, e.g. coef, logLik, plot, print, ranef, fixef, summary, AIC, getVarCov, vcov, confint, sigma, update, formula, resid, and fitted. In addition, several special functions have been added, including dynSurv, dynLong, and baseHaz, as well as plotting functions for objects inheriting from the dynSurv, dynLong, ranef, and mjoint functions. For example,

summary(fit)
plot(fit, param = 'gamma')

mjoint automatically estimates approximate standard errors using the empirical information matrix (Lin et al., 2002), but the bootSE function can be used as an alternative.

Errors and updates

If you spot any errors or wish to see a new feature added, please file an issue at https://github.com/graemeleehickey/joineRML/issues or email Graeme Hickey.

Further learning

For an overview of the model estimation being performed, please see the technical vignette, which can be accessed by

vignette('technical', package = 'joineRML')

For a demonstration of the package, please see the introductory vignette, which can be accessed by

vignette('joineRML', package = 'joineRML')

Funding

This project is funded by the Medical Research Council (Grant number MR/M013227/1).

Using the latest developmental version

To install the latest developmental version, you will need R version (version 3.3.0 or higher) and some additional software depending on what platform you are using.

Windows

If not already installed, you will need to install Rtools. Choose the version that corresponds to the version of R that you are using.

Mac OSX

If not already installed, you will need to install Xcode Command Line Tools. To do this, open a new terminal and run

$ xcode-select --install

From R

The latest developmental version will not yet be available on CRAN. Therefore, to install it, you will need devtools. You can check you are using the correct version by running

Once the prerequisite software is installed, you can install joineRML by running the following command in an R console

library('devtools')
install_github('graemeleehickey/joineRML')

Compatibility with broom

Tidiers methods for objects of class mjoint (i.e. models fit with joineRML) are included in the broom package; this provides methods that allow extracting model estimates, predictions, and comparing models in a straightforward way.

See vignette(topic = "joineRML-broom", package = "joineRML") for further details and examples.

References

  1. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol. 1972; 34(2): 187-220.

  2. Henderson R, Diggle PJ, Dobson A. Joint modelling of longitudinal measurements and event time data. Biostatistics. 2000; 1(4): 465-480.

  3. Hickey GL, Philipson P, Jorgensen A, Kolamunnage-Dona R. Joint modelling of time-to-event and multivariate longitudinal outcomes: recent developments and issues. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016; 16(1): 117.

  4. Laird NM, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics. 1982; 38(4): 963-974.

  5. Lin H, McCulloch CE, Mayne ST. Maximum likelihood estimation in the joint analysis of time-to-event and multiple longitudinal variables. Stat Med. 2002; 21: 2369-2382.

  6. Wulfsohn MS, Tsiatis AA. A joint model for survival and longitudinal data measured with error. Biometrics. 1997; 53(1): 330-339.